ENZYMATIC DEGUMMING OF SILK: Natural fibres are eco-friendly in nature, and are essential alternatives in the ever-expanding horizon of textile fire. They are non-toxic and bio-degradable. They do not disturb the ecological balance of the environment. Silk is one of the most ancient natural fibers, proteins in nature and highly hygienic. It is derived from the moth Bombyx mori , feeding on mulberry leaves, is known as mulberry silk. It is commonly known as the’ Queen of Textile’, due to its luster, elegance and versatility. Silk is only natural filament fibre. Silk is composed of fibroin and sericin. The filament is a double strand of fibroin, which is held together by gummy substances called sericin or silk gum. Degumming of silk to remove the sericin is an important step. Soda-ash and sulphides used in conventional degumming process not only reduces the fabric strength but also causes pollu...
Introduction 3D printing (3DP) is an automated additive manufacturing (AM) process that builds a product by depositing material into successive layers. The product is formed inside a 3D printer, in a similar manner to a traditional, 2D inkjet printer. To transform a 2D design into a 3D product, digital 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software is used to create the design sketch, which is then virtually sliced into the appropriate amount of horizontal layers needed to complete the product. Only the necessary amount of materials used to create each layer is deposited from the printer; no tooling is needed. Therefore, 3DP is the opposite of traditional, subtractive manufacturing, which cuts away unnecessary material to create the desired shape. 3DP can have a large impact on the traditional supply chain by reducing the number of necessary steps, allowing more distributed and decentralised production, and lowering the need for warehousing, packaging, and transportation. Since 3DP only ...