Introduction 3D printing (3DP) is an automated additive manufacturing (AM) process that builds a product by depositing material into successive layers. The product is formed inside a 3D printer, in a similar manner to a traditional, 2D inkjet printer. To transform a 2D design into a 3D product, digital 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software is used to create the design sketch, which is then virtually sliced into the appropriate amount of horizontal layers needed to complete the product. Only the necessary amount of materials used to create each layer is deposited from the printer; no tooling is needed. Therefore, 3DP is the opposite of traditional, subtractive manufacturing, which cuts away unnecessary material to create the desired shape. 3DP can have a large impact on the traditional supply chain by reducing the number of necessary steps, allowing more distributed and decentralised production, and lowering the need for warehousing, packaging, and transportation. Since 3DP only ...